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[…] high pressure operating c:onditiom. Calibration facilities operating at high pressure are now available and elimi~te the need to design a meter that also passes low pressure calibration tests. The improvements by designing for high pressure only are highlighted and illustrated with test results. The recent developments to eliminate installation effects are explained and illustrated […] … Continue reading

[…] influenced by flow pulsations. Guidelines on the effects of pulsations on these flow measurement instruments, based on research in the last decades, are presented in the la test review of ISO/TR 3313 . Ultrasonic flowmeters are however not included in this ISO Technical Report and publications on the impact of pulsations on this type […] … Continue reading

[…] the application of Multi-Phase Flow Meters (MPFM’s) or Wet Gas Flow Meters (WGFM’s) 1 in remote areas. In the past these meters where mainly used for well testing and well/reservoir allocation. Their uncertainty and repeatability were considered adequate for this purpose. However, today we see that MPFM concepts are being used in applications where […] … Continue reading

[…] ally encountered subsea. However, very little information was previously available on how scale affects the accuracy of differential pressure meters. This project aimed to address this issue. Tests were performed in which saturated brine was f lowed through a Venturi, a cone and a double wedge meter. The flow conditions induced s cale formation […] … Continue reading

[…] MPFM MPFM SPFM 4″ MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM MPFM SPFM SPFM 4″ Prod Separator EKOM 20 bar Test Separator EKOM PT TT TW Gas Metering 4″/8″ V -Cone Oil Metering 4″ Coriolis + WCM Water Metering 4″ Coriolis Gas -lift gas USMs Top – […] … Continue reading

[…] the negative bias observed in the results between the nozzles and the Coriolis/turbine meter system. From the cross -plot, it is observed that the 95% CO 2 test points hav e a small systematic error of +0.1% for the turbine meter s. Analysis of the measurement data for the small FMG turbine meter shows […] … Continue reading

[…] maximum interval of five years. On the Norwegian sector the operators will normally monitor condition  parameters to determine if flow  calibration is required.  The common condition parameters are Automatic  Gain Control (AGC), acoustic signal acceptance, velocity profile and velocity of sound.   The AGC is measured per transducer and is dependent on the gas density. This means that as long  as the gas density or gas pressure remains stable, the  AGC value for each transducer should  remain unchanged.   The acoustic signal acceptance is typically displayed as a percentage value indicating how large  portion of the acoustic signals received by each transducer are recognized by the signal processing  unit in the flow meter. A drop in the acceptance value can indicate  a deteriorated transducer.   The normalized velocity ratio (velocity measured by each path compared to the overall flow  velocity) is an indication of the gas flow profile in the flow meter. The flow profile will remain fixed  for a large flow range. A major change in the indicated velocity profile  indicates a problem with  one transducer pair.   The velocity of sound (VOS) is the most important parameter to be monitored. The VOS is  measured by each path. Regardless of changes in the process conditions, all paths should measure  the same VOS as long as there is flow through the flow  meter. Maximum difference between the  highest and lowest VOS reading will normally stay with 0.5 m/s. The average VOS (across all paths)  should be compared to AGA‐10 calculated VOS from  online gas chromatography. Drifting  discrepancy of measured (USM) VOS compared to calculated (GC) VOS indicates a drift in either  the USM or the gas chromatograph.   The condition monitoring opportunities in the multipath ultrasonic gas flow meters should be used  actively to evaluate the need for recalibration.     Figure 3. Typical diagnostics data for multipath ultrasonic gas flow meters  Page 6 of 7  Suggestions for improvement  Better availability  A flow calibration job must be ordered typically several months in advance. The flow calibration  laboratories are staying busy. More laboratories would increase the availability for flow calibration as the  number of flow meters in operation continuous to increase.   Lower uncertainty  The uncertainty of the flow measurement at the calibration laboratories range from 0.16 to 0.30%. The  USM manufacturers claim uncertainties for their multipath gas flow meters in some cases less than 0.50%  as delivered from the factory. The resulting linearity and repeatability values for a meter under test is  therefore largely  affected by the uncertainty of the calibration laboratory. The uncertainty of the  laboratories should be improved in order to maintain lower uncertainty than the test meters by a  considerable margin. For calibration of other instruments the reference instrument typically is five or even  ten times more accurate than the test  instrument. For USM flow calibration the reference instrumentation  is only two or three times better.  Higher flow capacity  A simple calculation of the flow meter capacities is shown in the table below assuming nominal diameter  and maximum 25 m/s gas velocity.   […] … Continue reading

[…] of solids and other residues  MPFM maintenance and inspection Check transmitters at static conditions Check for deposits 21 OneSubsea system for monitoring FRIEND TMConcept Portal with online tools 24/7 Support Expert reporting Condition Monitoring Updated documentation Product improvement Alarms and notifications Performance Monitoring TM 22 Typical Vx monitoring in FRIEND  Differential Pressure […] … Continue reading

[…] flow disturbance is very persistent . To eliminate this swirl Laws flow conditioners (5] were installed in the pipe sections upstream of the ultrasonic meter. During the test, beside some minor problems with cabling and printed circuit boards, the meters functioned quite well. The availability in this period was > 99. 9 %. No […] … Continue reading

[…] deployment of sensor heads directly into the produced water pipelines. Historically, Photo-acoustic techniques have a wide range of applications in other industries from the analysis of semiconductor materials to atmospheric monitoring, and successful transfer to the oil and gas industry should be straight forward. 2 2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION Basic photo-acoustic spectroscopy uses sealed […] … Continue reading

[…] 1
is some function f of M meter factors K j, where the meter factors are obtained by flow calibrating the USM at M different nominal test flow rates (“calibration points”) . Typically, M is 4 to 6, and K is usually flow rate dependent. Methods for calculation of the correction factor K […] … Continue reading

[…] correlations that were used to design the field, with the metering that is already in place. Combined these two pieces of information can give a full field online production diagnostic. In this sense virtual metering is nothing new; it is only a way of refining the information that is already available. The virtual meter […] … Continue reading

[…] of path 1 (the lowest horizontal path) in particular for the first of the two ultrasonic meters in series but also for the second ultrasonic meter. The tests per formed by the vendor demonstrate that both ultrasonic meters are fully functional and that the problems must be related to the fluid or the flow […] … Continue reading

[…] ball prover. The Ultrasonic liquid flow meters are 8″ Krohne 5-path Altsonic V meters while the 12″ Unidirectional ball prover is a Kongsberg Offshore design. During flow testing of the metering system the required repeatability during proving could not be achieved. The repeatability during proving varied between more than ten times the re- quirement […] … Continue reading

[…] examples. As this is a novel allocation methodology and is in the development stage it has not been implemented in any real systems. Hence in order to test its accuracy and practicability it has been necessary to construct theoretical but representative data. In addition, by utilising data from a real system in which the […] … Continue reading

• Norwegi an Society of Chartered Engineers NORTH SEA FLOW METERING WORKSHOP Rica Maritim Hotel, Haugesund October 24-26, 1989 “Measuring the Flow of Wet Gas” Lecturer: G. Washington KSEPL Reproduction is prohibited without written permission from NIF and the author Main Index MEASURING THE FLOW OF WET GAS by G. Washington, Koninklijke/Shell Exploratie en […] … Continue reading

[…] in Emden (EMS) …… 5 4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ……………………………. 6 5. System overview …………………………………………………………..1 0 6. USM meter specification ……………………………………………….1 1 7. USM flow meter testing …………………………………………………1 3 8. Operating philosophy …………………………………………………….1 3 9. Condition Based Monitoring ( CBM ) follow up ………..………1 4 10. Summary ………………………………………………………………….. 36 11. References ……………………………………………………………….. 37 […] … Continue reading

[…] Venturis in space-limited installations. In some cases they are installed with much shorter straight upstream lengths with no know ledge about the errors induced. NEL has conducted tests to investigate the effect o f upstream installations on a Venturi tube. The results indicate that the require d upstream lengths were heavily dependent on the […] … Continue reading

[…] manufacturing technology to develop a range of fraction meters for oil and gas applications. As well as the strength and chemical resistance advantages discussed earlier the composite materials have low absorption of many types of energy used for sensin g pipe w a    Apart f compo s measur e measur e […] … Continue reading

[…] so that the purchase request documents are checked and countersigned. The customers specif !cations are then assured of being adhered to, with regards to such items as materials, accuracy, non-destructive testing, certification, quality assurance, spares, documentation etc. 5.2 However, there is an increasing trend by the customer to give recommended suppliers. This is understandable, […] … Continue reading